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Pakistan Education Atlas |
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Pakistan Education Atlas |
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The National Educational Management Information System (NEMIS) is an integral part of the
Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM). The main purpose of NEMIS is
to consolidate and collate education statistics, maintain a comprehensive national education
database, set standards for quality improvement of education data, and provide technical
support to the provincial and district Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) to
generate and maintain data. The EMIS units are responsible for collection, compilation,
analysis and dissemination of education statistics/data of their respective provinces/regions.
These units usually collect data through their district EMIS cells by conducting the annual
school census. The provincial data is transmitted to NEMIS for consolidation at the national
level. AEPAM plays a coordination role in addressing crucial issues and problems arising with
regard to the compatibility of questionnaires, statistical terminologies, data requirements
for the development of core educational indicators, data discrepancies and inconsistencies,
data reliability and validity and the timely availability of data.
The Pakistan Education Atlas analyses the available information geographically to see the
spatial patterns of various indicators. All the indicators used in this publication were selected
through stakeholder consultations and capitalizing primarily on available data. The
population dependent variables such as Net Enrolment Rate (NER) and Gross Enrolment
Rate (GER) were not calculated due to the unavailability of representative population data
for the school-going age groups. The data on mixed schools (co-educational) is also not
included in the analysis owing to differences between provinces on the definition and
registration of mixed schools.
Below are the definitions of the main indicators used in this atlas;
Enrolment by Stage: Enrolment by Stage defines the students enrolled in a particular class range irrespective of the official gender or level of the school. Two stages of education are discussed in this atlas i.e. “Primary Stage” (Class 0-5) and “Middle and Secondary Stage” (Class 6-12). Middle and secondary stage is a super set of Middle Stage (Class 6-8), High Stage (Class 9-10) and Higher Secondary Stage (Class 11-12).
Primary Schools: A primary school is an institution in which children receive the first stage of
education that is from class zero (Kachi) to class five. However, some primary schools also
provide education till class eight (Middle Stage) or even higher.
Middle Schools: In middle schools children receive middle stage of education. Most of the
middle schools have primary stage and some also have a High stage.
High Schools: In high schools students receive education at High stage and most of the high
schools have middle stage and some have primary stage too. Some of the high schools offer
education till class 12 and are known as Higher Secondary Schools.
Note: The term “Middle and Secondary Schools” is a super set of Middle, High and Higher
Secondary Schools.
Gender Parity Index (GPI) of Enrolment: This reflects girls’ level of access to education
compared to that of boys. In its crude form it is a ratio of girls enrolment to the boys’ enrolment though it is also calculated for other educational indicators such as survival rate
to grade five or drop out rate etc. A GPI of less than 1 indicates that there are fewer girls
than boys in the formal education system. A GPI of more than 1 means that there are
proportionately more girls enrolled as compared to the boys. A score of 1 reflects equal
enrolment for boys and girls. It is calculated using the following formula;
Indicator Value for Girls
Gender Parity Index = --------------------------------------- x 100
Indicator Value for Boys
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR): This is one of the most common indicators used in educational
planning. A low number of pupils per teacher suggests that students will have a higher
chance of contact with the teachers and hence a better teaching‐learning process. This
would also tend to indicate a more expensive education. This ratio is also used to measure
the level of human resource input (teachers). Many planners also use this ratio for projecting
the number of teachers required. It can be calculated by dividing the total number of pupils
enrolled in a specific education level by the number of teacher at the same level.
Total number of pupils enrolled in a particular education level
PTR = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total number of teachers in same level
Survival Rate to Grade Five:
This is the proportion of a cohort of pupils who reached Grade 5
expressed as a percentage of pupils enrolled in the first grade of a given cycle in a given
school year. This indicator is used to show the extent to which the school system can retain
pupils, with or without repetition, and reflects the dropout rate. It is also used to measure
the impact of dropout on internal efficiency. It is calculated by dividing the total number of
pupils belonging to a pupil cohort who reached Grade 5 of primary education by the number
of pupils in the original pupil cohort (i.e. those pupils who enrolled together in the first grade
of primary education) multiplied by 100. Usually this indicator is typically derived using a
reconstructed student cohort flow model. It requires the following data:
Message from Federal Education Minister
Education plays the most important role in development of nations. The government assigns highest priority to developing a high quality, equitable and widely accessible education system in Pakistan. The management of such an education system necessitates informed decision making. It is need of the hour to have widespread information dissemination mechanisms, by utilizing state of the art technologies, to facilitate different levels of management in the education sector. Pakistan Education Atlas, using technologies like GIS and internet, would be very useful for the education system and would assist in informed decision making at all levels of management.
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Sardar Asif Ahmed Ali |
Message from Secretary Education
The Ministry of Education has established the National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) at the Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM). The responsibility of NEMIS is to collate, consolidate, and analyze national education data and generate useful information to cater to the needs of policy makers, planners, managers and decision makers. NEMIS has identified and implemented information dissemination mechanisms. It has been publishing Pakistan Education Statistics report regularly. To enhance the coverage of dissemination, other supplementary avenues of information dissemination are being explored. One such is GIS and map based information dissemination in the form of an Atlas, an effective medium the world over.
With advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), internet is a useful dissemination medium. Ministry of Education with technical and financial collaboration of World Food Program (WFP) has developed the printed as well as the on-line Pakistan Education Atlas.
This initiative is an important step towards increased utilization of education statistics. Its potential to prompt improvement is significant as it can assist in informed decision making by education managers, facilitate education sector research, and serve as a source of reliable information for international organizations.
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Mohammad Athar Tahir
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Message from WFP Representative
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has an ongoing commitment with the Government of Pakistan to ensure progress towards the Millennium Development Goals; including the achievement of universal primary education. With a long history of implementing school feeding activities across the country, WFP has been helping children from food insecure families to access to education, retain students and promote completion of the primary school cycle by both boys and girls.
Within the context of the ONE-UN programme in Pakistan, WFP has more recently collaborated with the Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) to strengthen the use of available education information and - in the longer term - improve the quality of education data for analysis and policymaking purposes.
The Pakistan Education Atlas 2009 is a result of this partnership; the first such exercise to study a broad array of education-related indicators. Examining individual schools, data has been aggregated at the district level, allowing users to access decentralized information for the entire country. The visual presentation of all indicators offers a unique opportunity to examine spatial patterns; and place them against a backdrop of population and topographic features.
Indicators depicted in the Atlas have been carefully selected through stakeholder consultations; reflecting the interests of public education managers, and those from the humanitarian and development sectors.
It is hoped that the Atlas will serve to stimulate education-related discourse in Pakistan, including ways to overcome discrepancies in indicator definitions or data quality. This is an ongoing process that should lead to continuous improvement whenever a new Education Atlas is produced; institutionalizing the on-going strengthening of EMIS data quality at both the local and federal levels.
Building on the experience gained through the 2002 Education Atlas published by the Planning Commission’s Center for Research on Poverty Reduction and Income Distribution (CRPRID), the 2009 Atlas was completed between April and July 2010. Practical outputs produced by the initiative include this printed series of maps and accompanying detailed data tables, and a web-based interactive edition of the same. The latter is an innovative tool aimed at making information available to a wide-ranging audience, while reducing dissemination time through a direct link to AEPAM databases. In the context of producing this Atlas, and as measure of building national capacity, eighteen provincial and federal Education Management Information System (EMIS) staff members were provided with specialized training in various mapping functions, ensuring that this Atlas can be regularly updated in the coming years.
I would like to thank AEPAM and WFP colleagues for their dedicated work on the Pakistan Education Atlas 2009.
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Wolfgand Herbinger |
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| About this Project | |||||
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National Education Management Information System Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Taleemi Chowk, G-8/1 Islamabad-44000, Pakistan. Email: webinfo@aepam.edu.pk Website: http://www.aepam.edu.pk |
World Food Programme Pakistan Country Office Post Office Box 3030, Islamabad, Pakistan Email: islamabad.VAM@wfp.org Website: http://www.wfp.org.pk |
Fawad.Raza@wfp.org 
0092-51-831-2474